Structural abnormalities in neurones.

Structural abnormalities in neurones.

Structural abnormalities in the placenta

Genes regulate the development of fertilised egg into the inner cell mass (which will become the embryo, fetus and, eventually, baby) and the trophoblast (which will become the placenta). Defects in the genes that regulate these processes lead to a wide range of embryonic, fetal and neonatal defects, from minor cosmetic abnormalities, to such severe defects disasters that a pregnancy miscarries...

Numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities

| Genetic instability, which includes both numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities, is a hallmark of cancer. Whereas the structural chromosome rearrangements have received substantial attention, the role of whole-chromosome aneuploidy in cancer is much less well-understood. Here we review recent progress in understanding the roles of whole-chromosome aneuploidy in cancer, including t...

SynapSe and dendrite Structural abnormalitieS

SynapSe and dendrite Structural abnormalitieS There are many signaling pathways implicated in the underlying causes of MR but the majority have direct interactions with Rho, Rac and Ras small GTPases (Ramakers, 2002; Newey et al., 2005). These proteins are all key regulators of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and affect both the structure and function of dendrites and synapses. A morphol...

Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is associated with changes in the structure and functioning of a number of key brain systems, including prefrontal and medial temporal lobe regions involved in working memory and declarative memory, respectively. Imaging techniques provide an unparalleled window into these changes, allowing repeated assessments across pre- and post-onset stages of the disorder and in relation to c...